![]() ![]() Episiotomies in the US have declined since the late 1970s, from 61% in 1979 to 25% in 2004. Episiotomy rates are still high in developing nations because primigravidae have not been largely adopted in those nations, limiting the use of episiotomy. As reported in the literature, episiotomy rates range from 8% in the Netherlands, to 13% in England, to 25% in the US. The episiotomy rates vary widely across countries depending on their restrictive or routine use. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology estimates that one in three women who have a vaginal delivery also undergo an episiotomy. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that there are 500,000 maternal deaths per year, of which 99% occur in developing countries. Episiotomy rates in primiparous women are 8.8 times higher than those in multiparous women. Annually, 120,243 vaginal births take place in India, with 63.4% of them having an episiotomy. Because mothers have to go through all these complications simultaneously, they need extra care. Mothers may also face discomfort due to the physiological process of uterine involution in the postnatal stage. It is the most joyful experience for her and her entire family, but at the same time, several complications in the postnatal stage, including perineal pain, constipation, breast engorgement, cracked nipples, fatigue, backache, and headache, can cause the mother severe physical and psychological distress and reduce her quality of life. Giving birth is a life-changing event in a woman’s life and has a long-lasting impact on her life, both physically and mentally. This review aims to offer the most thorough understanding of episiotomy, its current concept, and episiotomy pain relief, with a particular focus on infrared lamp therapy and sitz baths. In infrared lamp therapy, radiant heat or infrared rays are used to produce heat that is then applied to the episiotomy wound to facilitate pain relief and wound healing, while a sitz bath is a moist heat application process that is also effective for episiotomy pain relief and wound healing. Of all these approaches, infrared lamp therapy and sitz baths are the two most effective and commonly used for episiotomy pain relief and wound healing. ![]() Different approaches can be adopted to reduce these complications in the postpartum period, including cleanliness, cold packs, sitz baths, kegel exercises, perineal care, and topical application of dry heat-infrared lamp therapy. However, an episiotomy can also lead to potential adverse consequences, including the extension to a third- or fourth-degree tear, anal sphincter dysfunction, and dyspareunia. Potential benefits for the foetus are thought to include a shortened second stage of labour. Maternal benefits of episiotomy include reduced risk of perineal trauma, subsequent pelvic floor dysfunction and prolapse, urinary incontinence, faecal incontinence, and sexual dysfunction. The postnatal period is very crucial in every mother's life, especially those who had a vaginal delivery and underwent episiotomy. In episiotomy, the vaginal orifice is made larger to facilitate the birth of a baby. It is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures in the world. Episiotomy is a surgically planned incision of the perineum and the posterior vaginal wall in the second stage of labour. ![]()
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